Transportable Tablespaces(TTS) for Upgrade/Migration

Let’s look at below in detail

Why TTS ?  
-->Transportable Tablespaces (TTS)
-->FTEX (TTS + Data Pump)  
-->FTEX using RMAN Backups (Less Down Time) 
High Level Steps for Migration of Data Using TTS
Time Taken Cross-Platform Tablespace(Xtts) Transport To The Export/Import Method  
-->Normal TTS Approach 
-->RMAN TTS Approach  
-->12C TTS Enhancement using RMAN backup sets

Why TTS ?
Moving data using transportable tablespaces is much faster than performing either an export/import or unload/load of the same data. This is because the datafiles containing all of the actual data are just copied to the destination location, and you use an export/import utility to transfer only the metadata of the tablespace objects to the new database.

Transportable Tablespaces (TTS)

Transportable Tablespaces feature exists since Oracle 8i
– Can be used cross version ,Version to transport to must be always equal or higher
– Cross platform Transportable Tablespaces got introduced in Oracle Database 10g
==> Can be used cross version and cross platform
==> Required tablespaces to be in read-only mode
==> Extra work necessary for everything in SYSTEM/SYSAUX

Full Transportable Export/Import FTEX (TTS + Data Pump)

Transport an entire database in a single operation
– Cross version and cross platform
– Can include the database upgrade
– Combination of TTS for data tablespaces and Data Pump for administrative tablespaces (SYSTEM, SYSAUX ...)
– Supports information from database components such as Spatial,Text, Multimedia, OLAP, etc.
 Full transportable export supported since Oracle 11.2.0.3
 Full transportable import supported since Oracle 12.1.0.1

Relationship of XTTS to Data Pump and Recovery Manager 
XTTS works within the framework of Data Pump and Recovery Manager
(RMAN). Use Data Pump to move the metadata of the objects in the tablespaces
being transported to the target database. 
RMAN converts the datafiles being transported to the endian format of the target platform
You can use transportable tablespaces to perform tablespace point-in-time recovery (TSPITR).
RMAN uses the transportable tablespaces functionality to perform TSPITR. Therefore, any limitations on transportable tablespaces are also applicable to TSPITR.

Learn more at ………
OLL Video : Oracle Database 12c: Transporting Data

FTEX using RMAN Backups (Less Down Time)

High Level Steps for Migration of Data Using TTS

Step 1: Check Platform Support And File Conversion Requirement
Step 2: Identify Tablespaces To Be Transported And Verify Self-Containment
Step 3: Check For Problematic Data Types
Step 4: Check For Missing Schemas And Duplicate Tablespace And Object Names
Step 5: Make Tablespaces Read-Only In Source Database
Step 6: Extract Metadata From Source Database
Step 7: Copy Files To Target Server And Convert If Necessary 
Step 8: Import Metadata Into Target Database
Step 9: Copy Additional Objects To Target Database As Desired

Read more at ………
Moving Oracle Databases Across Platforms without Export/Import

Time Taken Cross-Platform Tablespace(Xtts) Transport To The Export/Import Method

Task	Export/Import	Tablespace Transport
Export time	37 min	2 min
File transfer time	8 min	13 min
File conversion time	n/a	14 min
Import time	42 min	2 min
Approximate total time	87 min	31 min
Export file size	4100 Mb	640 Kb
Target database extra TEMP tablespace requirement	1200 Mb	n/a

Normal TTS Approach

1) On the source database
--------------------------------------
Validating Self Containing Property
exec DBMS_TTS.TRANSPORT_SET_CHECK('tbs', TRUE);
a) Put TBS in Read Only
b) Export the Metadata
exp FILE=/path/dump_file.dmp LOG=/path/tts_exp.log TABLESPACES=tbs-names TRANSPORT_TABLESPACE=y STATISTICS=none
**************Transfer Datafiles and export file to TARGET *********************
2) on the destination database
--------------------------------------
a)Import the export file.
impdp DUMPFILE=tts.dmp LOGFILE=tts_imp.log DIRECTORY=exp_dir REMAP_SCHEMA=master:scott TRANSPORT_DATAFILES='/path/tts.dbf'
b) Make TBS in READ-WRITE

RMAN TTS Approach

1) RMAN transport tablespace  On the source database
**************Transfer Datafiles and export file to TARGET *********************
2) Run Import script created by RMAN on the destination database
   impscrpt.sql (or) impdp command from the file

Read more at ………
RMAN TRANSPORT TABLESPACE By Franck Pachot
RMAN Transportable Tablespace
RMAN TRANSPORT TABLESPACE – Oracle Doc

Why Using RMAN TTS ?

-->RMAN checks that they are self-contained
-->Faster 
-->no need to put in Read only
Using RMAN TTS feature,the datafiles which contain actual data can be copied, thus making the migration faster. 
RMAN creates transportable tablespace sets from backup,eliminates need of putting tablespaces in read-only mode.
RMAN process for creating transportable tablespaces from backup uses the Data Pump Export and Import utilities
RMAN creates the automatic auxiliary instance used for restore and recovery on the same node as the source instance, 
there is some performance overhead during the operation of the TRANSPORT TABLESPACE command.

RMAN> transport tablespace tbs_2, tbs_3
   tablespace destination '/disk1/transportdest' --->  Set of Datafiles will be created here with Original Names & export log,Export dump file ,impscrpt.sql will also be created
   auxiliary destination '/disk1/auxdest'
   DATAPUMP DIRECTORY  mypumpdir
   DUMP FILE 'mydumpfile.dmp'
   IMPORT SCRIPT 'myimportscript.sql'
   EXPORT LOG 'myexportlog.log';

12C TTS Enhancement using RMAN backup sets
1) RMAN TTS on the source database

    a) Put TBS in Read Only ,
   b) RMAN--> BACKUP FOR TRANSPORT ( Metadata by Datapump,Backup set by RMAN)
      --> convert the platform and the endian format if required
   c) Back TBS to READ-WRITE

****** Transfrer Backup set & Dump files to Target Server from Source
2) RMAN TTS on the destination database

   a) Restore foreign tablespace ( Restore by RMAN, Import Metadata by Datapump)
   b) Make TBS in READ-WRITE

RMAN> backup for transport format '/tmp/stage/tbs1.bkset' datapump format '/tmp/stage/tbs1.dmp' tablespace tbs1;
RMAN> restore foreign tablespace tbs1 
format '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/sekunda/tbs1.dbf' 
from backupset '/tmp/stage/tbs1.bkset' 
dump file from backupset '/tmp/stage/tbs1.dmp';

References:
How to Move a Database Using Transportable Tablespaces (Doc ID 1493809.1)
How to Migrate to different Endian Platform Using Transportable Tablespaces With RMAN (Doc ID 371556.1)
Master Note for Transportable Tablespaces (TTS) — Common Questions and Issues (Doc ID 1166564.1)
Transportable Tablespaces
Transportable Tablespaces Tips
Using Transportable Tablespaces for Oracle Upgrades

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